Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI)

A ratio comparing a buyer’s total monthly debt obligations to their gross monthly income, used by lenders to evaluate borrowing capacity.

Escrow

A neutral third-party account holding funds during the transaction until all conditions are met. Also used post-closing to collect and pay property taxes and insurance.

Down Payment

The portion of a home’s purchase price paid upfront by the buyer, not financed through a mortgage.

Pre-Approval

A lender’s preliminary assessment of a buyer’s borrowing capacity based on income, assets, debts, and credit score. Strengthens a buyer’s position before beginning the homebuying process.

Mortgage

A loan secured by real estate, used to finance the purchase of a home, repaid over time through monthly principal and interest payments.

Net Sheet

An estimate of net proceeds from a home sale after outstanding mortgage balance, closing costs, commissions, and other expenses.

Loan Origination Fee

A fee charged by a lender for processing a new mortgage application, typically expressed as a percentage of the loan amount.

Contingency

A condition in a purchase agreement that must be satisfied for the transaction to proceed, commonly financing approval or sale of a buyer’s current home.

Construction Loan

A short-term loan financing the construction of a home, typically converted or refinanced into a permanent mortgage upon completion.

Rate Lock

An agreement guaranteeing a specific interest rate for a set period during loan processing and closing.